An Empirical Study on Pricing Strategy and Brand Loyalty: Assessing the Viability of a ‘Starbucks Pass’ Among University Students

Jing Foo Yee, Shivaprasad S, Kavyashree B, Likitha D, Sanjay H N, Azad Muzaffar Abdul Rahim, Buvanesswari A/P Gunasekar, Celeste Jie Yu Chin, Tat Cheng Chan, Daisy Mui Hung Kee

Abstract


This study investigates coffee consumption and subscription model acceptance among university students in Malaysia and India. While traditional loyalty programs are widely studied, empirical research on food and beverage (F&B) subscriptions for this demographic remains limited. To address this gap, this research evaluates the "Starbucks Pass" to enhance brand engagement. Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with price sensitivity concepts, the study examines how perceived value, brand loyalty, financial constraints, and convenience influence subscription willingness. A quantitative survey sampled 176 students across both nations. Findings reveal that convenience and perceived value significantly enhance brand loyalty and positive intentions to subscribe. Interestingly, financial constraints did not deter subscription willingness, suggesting that lifestyle benefits and digital convenience outweigh traditional budget limitations. By positioning subscriptions as an innovative digital retail strategy, this study contributes to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and provides strategic insights for F&B chains to retain youth demographics in Asian markets.


Keywords


Brand Loyalty; Perceived Value; Price Sensitivity; Subscription Business Model; Theory of Planned Behavior; University Students.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Amelia, R., & Nisa, P. C. (2025). The effect of consumer satisfaction on loyalty and word of mouth in fast food restaurants among Gen Z. International Journal of Economics and Commerce, 4(1), 1–12.

Chotigo, J., & Kadono, Y. (2022). Exploring factors affecting consumer behavioral intentions toward online food ordering in Thailand. Sustainability, 14(14), 8493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148493

Christensen, M. (2025). Young consumers' ICT use and digital maturity: A computational literature review, integrative framework, and future research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.70115

Du, J., Chen, G., & Feng, T. (2024). The mechanism and components of subscriptions in the business model. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences, 101, 20231701.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7

Hamza, R. K., & Husain, W. J. (2025). Robust methods for detecting and correcting autocorrelation in financial time series modeling. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.12901

Huchzermeier, A., Wolters, J., & Uphues, M. (2022). The RealPro customer benefits program: Rekindling shopper loyalty through a subscription service. INFORMS Transactions on Education, 24(1), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2021.0257ca

Kee, D. M. H., Veeraselvam, V. R. A., Vayaputri, V. A., Aisyah, U., A'ishah, T. A., Enakhifo, E., & Edeh, F. O. (2022). Contributing factors to customer satisfaction during the pandemic: A study of Foodpanda of Malaysia and Nigeria. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific, 5(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijthap.v5i1.1399

Kee, D. M. H., Oh, Z. J., Lew, T. Y., Teik, S. W., Elangoh, S., Shen, Z. B., & Shoo, Y. W. (2023). Factors that influence university students toward customer satisfaction and customer loyalty at Starbucks in Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific, 6(2), 51-61.

Koay, K. Y., Cheah, C. W., & Chang, Y. X. (2022). A model of online food delivery service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: A combination of PLS-SEM and NCA approaches. British Food Journal, 124(12), 4516–4532. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2021-1169

Lim, S. Y., Liang, C., Li, M., Liang, M., & Smitha, M. (2022). Customer satisfaction on Starbucks Malaysia post-Covid 19 pandemic. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific, 5(3), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijthap.v5i3.1902

Ma, C.-C., & Chang, H.-P. (2024). The perception of consumer behaviors in subscription platforms for surplus food restaurants—An analytical view of the Technology Acceptance Model. Foods, 13(19), 3045. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193045

Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800302

Mutlu, A., Gumus, M., & Ray, S. (2025). Promotion incentives and customer engagement: Field experiment with a subscription meal kit service. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5324527

Nansubuga, B., & Kowalkowski, C. (2024). Moving to subscriptions: Service growth through business model innovation in consumer and business markets. Journal of Service Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/josm-10-2023-0438

Nguyen, T., & Nguyen, D. M. (2024). What will make Generation Y and Generation Z continue to use online food delivery services: A uses and gratifications theory perspective. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 33(4), 415–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2023.2277731

Oh, Z. J., Lew, T. Y., Teik, S. W., Elangoh, S. A., Shen, Z. B., Shoo, Y. W., & Kee, D. M. H. (2023). Factors that influence university students toward customer satisfaction and customer loyalty at Starbucks in Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific, 6(2), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijthap.v6i2.2327

Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. McGraw-Hill.

Ozili, P. K. (2023). The acceptable R-square in empirical modelling for social science research. In Cogent Social Sciences. IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6859-3.ch009

Park, C.-I., & Namkung, Y. (2025). A study on switching behavior of food subscription service users: Focusing on Push-Pull-Mooring theory. Journal of Foodservice Management, 28(4), 57–84.

Pérez-Morón, J., Madan, S., Cheu, J. Y., Kee, D. M. H., Cheong, L. C., Chin, R., Cheng, J., & García, A. P. M. (2022). Effect of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty: A case study of Starbucks in Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific, 5(1), 62-74. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijthap.v5i1.1402

Tian, Y., & Chan, T. J. (2024). Predictors of mobile payment use applications from the extended Technology Acceptance Model: Does self-efficacy and trust matter? SAGE Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241292525

Truong, N. T., & Nguyen, H. T. (2023). Gen Z customers' continuance intention in using food delivery application in an emerging market: Empirical evidence from Vietnam. Sustainability, 15(20), 14776. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014776

Tyagi, M., & Bolia, N. B. (2025). A comprehensive framework for implementing subscription model in fine dining restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2025.2539725

Wang, Y., Liu, S., Kong, S., & Liu, L. (2025). How financial constraints influence the preference for material versus experiential purchases: A compensatory control mechanism. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909251317605

Wolters, J., & Huchzermeier, A. (2023). Dare if you can: Offering subscription discounts, loyalty rewards, and deep promotions to your customers. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4413282

Xia, K. P., Lee, Y. Y., Kimberley, K. M. L., Kong, M. Y., Khor, S. H., & Kong, J. X. (2025). From bean to brand: Decoding the mechanisms of trust and engagement in Generation Z's purchase decisions. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific, 8(1).

Yahui, L., Siwen, C., Ahmad Anis, N. S. B., Guodong, S., Yuanhao, G., Kee, D. M. H., & Azmi, N. A. (2023). How service quality influences customer satisfaction: A case study of Starbucks in Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific, 6(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijthap.v6i3.2173

Yusof, R., Koay, L. K., Ravi, T., Teoh, Y. T., Thin, M. Y., & Donold, T. A. A. (2024). Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in customer’s purchase intentions on online food delivery service. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific, 7(3), 379-395.

Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298805200302




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32535/ijthap.v9i3.5121

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Jing Foo Yee, Shivaprasad S, Kavyashree B, Likitha D, Sanjay H N, Azad Muzaffar Abdul Rahim, Buvanesswari A/P Gunasekar, Celeste Jie Yu Chin, Tat Cheng Chan, Daisy Mui Hung Kee

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific (IJTHAP)

ISSN 2685-8800 (Print) | ISSN 2654-7945 (Online)

DOI Prefix: 10.32535 by CrossRef

Published by AIBPM Publisher

JL. Kahuripan No. 9, Hotel Sahid Montana, Malang, Indonesia

Email: journal.ijthap@gmail.com

Phone: +62 341 366222

Website: https://ejournal.aibpmjournals.com/index.php/IJTHAP

Governed by

Association of International Business and Professional Management

Email: admin@aibpm.org

Website: https://www.aibpm.org/

Indexed by

Licensing Information

Creative Commons License
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific (IJTHAP) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .

Visitor Statistics

Flag Counter

View IJTHAP Stats

Follow Us: