The Gender Pay Gap and It’s Impact on Women’s Economic Empowerment in Indonesia

Ayuningtyas Ma’arif

Abstract


The gender pay gap is a long-term problem that can be caused by a variety of factors. Indonesia is one of the countries with a high gender pay gap. This also results in the low contribution of women in society in economic, political, and social aspects. This study aims to analyze and discuss the gender wage gap and women's empowerment in Indonesia and the impact of the gender wage gap on women's empowerment. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach using secondary data from BPS, ILO, and other appropriate data. The results of this study show that the inter-gender wage gap in Indonesia tends to fluctuate, women's empowerment is still lacking seen from the role of women in society, and there is a strong relationship between the inter- gender wage gap and the condition of women's empowerment.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Akbar, F. (2022). Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Employment in Informal Sector. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 3(2), 104-117. https://doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v3i2.301

Babic, A., & Hansez, I. (2021). The Glass Ceiling for Women Managers: Antecedents and Consequences for Work-Family Interface and Well-Being at Work. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(March), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618250

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2020). Decent Work Indicators in Indonesia 2019. Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2022). Decent Work Indicators in Indonesia 2021. Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Decent Work Indicators in Indonesia 2023. Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics

Brynin, M. (2017). The Gender Pay Gap. Equality and Human Rights Commission. https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/research-report-109-

the-gender-pay-gap.pdf

Cameron, L. (2023). Gender Equality and Development: Indonesia in a Global Context. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 59(2), 179-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2023.2229476

Constantopoulos, C. (2021). Works Pay Inequality and Gender Pay Gap [Baruch College, The City Univesity of New York]. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1124&context=bb_ etds

Danquah, M., Iddrisu, A. M., Boakye, E. O., & Owusu, S. (2021). Do gender wage differences within households influence women's empowerment and welfare? Evidence from Ghana. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 188, 916-932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.06.014

Firmansyah, C. A., & Sihaloho, E. D. (2021). The Effects of Women Empowerment on Indonesia's Regional Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics: Review of Economic and Development Issues, 22(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v22i1.11298

International Labor Organization (ILO). (2020). Statistic: Gender Pay Gaps in Indonesia. ILO. https://www.ilo.org/jakarta/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_755543/lang-- en/index.html

Karyono, Yoyo & Tusianti, Ema. (2021). Study on the Calculation of Inequality Index Gender 2021. Jakarta: Indonesia Central Bureau of Statistics

Magda, I., & Sałach, K. (2021). Gender pay gaps in domestic and foreign-owned firms. Empirical Economics, 61(4), 2237-2263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-020- 01950-z

Nugroho, Adi & Clarissa, Alvina. (2022). Study on the Calculation of Gender Inequality Index. Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics

Putri, Aulia Mutiara Hatia. (2023). Report Mr. Jokowi! Wages for female and male workers are still far away. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/research/20230427093035-128-432622/lapor- pak-jokowi-upah-buruh-wanita-dan-pria-masih-jauh- nih#:~:text=Jakarta%2C%20CNBC%20Indonesia%20%2D%20Data%20Badan, sebelumnya%20sebesar%2020%2C39%25.

Reshi, I. A., & Sudha, T. (2023). the Gender Pay Gap and Its Impact on Women'S Economic Empowerment. Morfai Journal, 3(1), 9-16.

https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v3i1.742

Wicaksana, A. Z., & Rahmawati, F. (2023). The Impact of Women's Empowerment and its Contribution on Indonesia's Economic Growth. Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(4), 267-278. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2023.v07i04.007

Babic, A., & Hansez, I. (2021). The Glass Ceiling for Women Managers: Antecedents and Consequences for Work-Family Interface and Well-Being at Work. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(March), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618250

Elacqua, T. C., Beehr, T. A., Hansen, C. P., and Webster, J. (2009). Manager's beliefs about the glass ceiling: interpersonal and organizational factors. Psychol. Women Q. 33, 285-294. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01501.x

Semwal, P. (2018). International Journal of Applied Business & International Management A CASE ON EMPLOYABILITY AND WORK LIFE BALANCE ISSUES OF WORKING WOMEN IN INDONESIA. International Journal of Applied Business & International Management, 3(1). www.ejournal.aibpm.or/IJABIM

Yuniashri, E. (2022). Disparities and Female Labor Force Participation. Journal of International Conference Proceedings, 5(4), 239-248. https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v5i4.1920




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v6i6.2721

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Ayuningtyas Ma’arif

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Flag Counter

Published by:

AIBPM Publisher

Editorial Office:

JL. Kahuripan No. 9 Hotel Sahid Montana, Malang, Indonesia
Phone:+62 341 366222
Email: journal.jicp@gmail.com
Website:http://ejournal.aibpmjournals.com/index.php/JICP

Supported by: Association of International Business & Professional Management

If you are interested to get the journal subscription you can contact us at admin@aibpm.org.

ISSN 2622-0989 (Print)
ISSN 2621-993X (Online)

DOI:Prefix 10.32535 by CrossREF

Journal of International Conference Proceedings (JICP) INDEXED:

 

In Process


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.