Energy Governance and Sustainability Performance of PT Timah Tbk: A Case Study on Energy Intensity Efficiency

Abstract

This study examines energy intensity governance at PT Timah Tbk and its impact on sustainability and profitability during 2019–2024. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, it evaluates energy intensity trends, efficiency programs, and internal and external factors affecting energy consumption. Results indicate a 22.69% reduction in absolute energy consumption (418,645.6 GJ) and a 28.21% decline in energy intensity to 89.14 GJ/ton in 2024, achieving twice the National Energy Plan (RUEN) target. These improvements coincided with a 7.7% increase in tin production and a financial turnaround from an IDR 449 billion loss to an IDR 1,186 billion profit, demonstrating decoupling between production growth and energy consumption. Internal initiatives, including Ausmelt technology, electrification, B35–B40 biodiesel, and selective mining, contributed 70–75% to efficiency improvements, while external factors, including regulations, price volatility, and energy infrastructure, accounted for 60–70% of influences on energy performance. Sustaining these achievements requires internal optimization, external collaboration, and institutional transformation through an ESG Committee and ISO 50001 certification. The findings emphasize that achieving Net Zero Emissions by 2060 requires coordinated efforts among government, financial institutions, and the international community.