A Construction of Entrepreneurial Personality Tests: Testing Archetype Personality Inventory in Entrepreneurship

Bimo Wikantiyoso; Benedicta Prihatin Dwi Riyanti; Angela Oktavia Suryani

doi:10.32535/ijabim.v6i1.1085

A Construction of Entrepreneurial Personality Tests: Testing Archetype Personality Inventory in Entrepreneurship

Bimo Wikantiyoso, Benedicta Prihatin Dwi Riyanti, Angela Oktavia Suryani

Abstract

VUCA is about a hyper-competitive and unpredictable environment. It stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Personal attributes are necessary to navigate the VUCA environment. Studies in entrepreneurship show that narratives help people to connect different experiences. Literature shows that a narrative journey can be described through archetypes and relate to entrepreneurial behavior. This study aims to construct and validate measurements of entrepreneurial personality by adapting Pearson & Marr's archetype inventory test within the entrepreneurial context. This study was conducted as an assessment of the measurement psychometric attributes consisting of 12 archetypes. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out by Oblimin rotation resulting in 60 final items. This study involved 154 small and medium entrepreneurs in Jakarta and West Java.

Keywords

Archetypes, Entrepreneurial Personality, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Psychometry, Reliability, Validity

Full Text:

PDF

References

Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological Testing (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Prentice-Hall

Becker, D. V., & Neuberg, S. L. (2019). Archetypes reconsidered as emergent outcomes of cognitive complexity and evolved motivational systems. Psychological Inquiry, 30(2), 59-75.

Bekmezc, M. (2013). Taking competitive advantage by business model innovation. Journal of Management & Economics, 20(1), 291–314.

Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 222–230.

Burke, A. E., Fitzroy, F. R., & Nolan, M. A. (2008). What makes a die-hard entrepreneur? Beyond the “employee or entrepreneur” dichotomy. Small Business Economics, 31(2), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-007-9086-6

Campbell, J. (2004). The hero with a thousand faces. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Collins, C. J., Hanges, P. J., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behavior: A meta-analysis. Human Performance, 17(1), 95-117.

Flora, D. B., & Flake, J. K. (2017). The purpose and practice of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in psychological research: Decisions for scale development and validation. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 49(2), 78-88.

Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical assumptions. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Publishing Associates.

Green, M. C., Fitzgerald, K., & Moore, M. M. (2019). Archetypes and narrative processes. Psychological Inquiry, 30(2), 99-102.

Horney, N., Pasmore, B., & O’Shea, T. (2010). Leadership agility: A business imperative for a VUCA world. People & Strategy, 33(4), 32-38.

Hytti, U. (2003). Stories of entrepreneurs: Narrative construction of identities (Doctoral Dissertation). Turku University, Finland.

Kok, J., van den Heuven, S. C. (2019). Leading in a VUCA World integrating leadership. Cham, Switzerland : Springer Open

Mar, R. A. (2018). Stories and the promotion of social cognition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(4), 257-262.

Mark, M., & Pearson, C. S. (2001). The hero and the outlaw: Building extraordinary brands through the power of archetypes. New York: McGraw-Hill.

McAdams, D. P. (1996). Personality, modernity, and the storied self: A contemporary framework for studying persons. Psychological Inquiry, 7(4), 295–321.

McAdams, D. P., & Olson, B. D. (n.d.). Personality development : Continuity and change over the life course. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 517-542.

McAdams, D. P., & Pals, J. L. (2006). A new big five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61(3), 204–217.

McPeek, R. W. (2008). The Pearson-Marr archetype indicator and psychological type. Journal of Psychological Type, 68(7), 52–67.

Muis, I. (2017). Identitas wirausaha, entrepreneurial passion, pengenalan peluang, dan pengambilan risiko sebagai faktor dalam keberhasilan wirausaha pada wirausahawan opportunity dan wirausahawan necessity (Doctoral Dissertation). Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.

Muzychenko, O. (2008). Cross-cultural entrepreneurial competence in identifying international business opportunities. European Management Journal, 26(6), 366–377.

Obschonka, M., & Stuetzer, M. (2017). Integrating psychological approaches to entrepreneurship: the Entrepreneurial Personality System (EPS). Small Business Economics, 49(1), 203–231.

Pearson, C. S. (2002). What story are you living. Gainesville: Center for Application of Psychological Type, Inc.

Pearson, C. S., & Marr, H. K. (2002). Introduction to archetypes: A companion for understanding and using the Pearson-Marr Archetype Indicator. Gainesville, FL: Center for Applications of Psychological Type.

Pilotta, J. J. (2016). The entrepreneur as hero?. In V. Berdayes, J. Murphy (eds.), Neoliberalism, economic radicalism, and the normalization of violence (pp. 37-52). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

Putra, I. G. C., Kepramareni, P., & Suryandari, N. N. (2019). Empowerment program, entrepreneurial competence and business growth SME in Denpasar. Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education, 2(2), 1-10.

Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(3), 761-787.

Riyanti, B. P. D., Sandroto, C. W., & Warmiyati, M. (2016). Effect of soft skill competencies and hard skill competencies toward intention to become entrepreneur of vocational graduates. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 9(2), 119-132.

Sanford, C. (2014). The responsible entrepreneur four game changing archetype. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Santoso, A., Singgih, D. R., & Hidayat, D. (2019). How to sustain in a vuca world : a conceptual study on start-ups in how to sustain in a Vuca world : A conceptual study on start-ups in Indonesia. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 7(2), 12-20.

Utami, E. N., & Mulyaningsih, H. D. (2016). Pengaruh kompetensi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja UMKM. Majalah Bisnis dan Iptek, 9(2), 98-109.

Wartomo. (2017). Pengembangan kompetensi kewirausahaan pelaku ukm yang tinggal di pinggiran aliran Sungai Progo Yogyakarta berbasis nilai karakter dan kearifan lokal. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan, 2(1), 48-59.

Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Miller, G. E., Schulz, R., & Carver, C. S. (2003). Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(12), 1494-1508.

Wuisang, J. R. H., Korompis, C., & Lempas, J. D. (2019). Analysis of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship attitude students Economic Education Department Faculty of Economic Manado State University. Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education, 2(2), 1-16.

Zelekha, Y., Yaakobi, E., & Avnimelech, G. (2018). Attachment orientations and entrepreneurship. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 28, 495-522.

Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2010). The relationship of personality to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36(2), 381-404.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v6i1.1085