Development Strategy of Integrated Farming System (Beef Cattle, Rice, Corn) on Suboptimal Land: Minahasa Regency

Jolyanis Lainawa; Eusebius K. M. Endoh; Zadrak M. Warouw

doi:10.32535/ijabim.v10i3.4241

Development Strategy of Integrated Farming System (Beef Cattle, Rice, Corn) on Suboptimal Land: Minahasa Regency

Jolyanis Lainawa, Eusebius K. M. Endoh, Zadrak M. Warouw

Abstract

Suboptimal land in Minahasa Regency has strong potential for integrated cattle–rice–corn farming, but production inefficiency and limited managerial capacity still hinder its performance. This study aims to evaluate technical efficiency, competitiveness, and strategic development priorities for the integrated system on suboptimal land in Minahasa. SFA and DEA are used to measure technical efficiency, while the PAM assesses comparative and competitive advantages. SWOT analysis, the IE Matrix, and the QSPM are applied to formulate strategic directions. Primary data were collected from 90 farmer–breeders representing traditional, semi-commercial, and commercial business types. The findings show an average technical efficiency of 0.72, indicating a 28% improvement potential. The cattle–corn system has a stronger comparative advantage (DRCR 0.79) than cattle–rice (DRCR 0.82), although both face private competitiveness constraints (PCR > 1). SWOT–IE results place the system in Quadrant V (“Hold and Maintain”), with QSPM prioritizing efficiency enhancement, institutional strengthening, waste-based downstream product development, and risk adaptation. The integrated system can become an efficient and competitive sustainable agriculture model with adequate institutional support and technological innovation.

Keywords

Comparative Advantage; Competitive Advantage; Integrated Farming; Strategic Priorities; Technical Efficiency

Full Text:

PDF

References

Afi, M., & Parsons, J. (2023). Integrated vs. specialized farming systems for sustainable food production: Comparative analysis of systems’ technical efficiency in Nebraska. Sustainability, 15(6), 5413. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065413

Alharbi, I. B. (2024). Strategic management: A comprehensive review paper. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 9(3), 8.

Amelia, D., Suandi, S., & Wahyuni, I. (2022). Analisis efektivitas kebijakan subsidi pupuk dan penggunaan faktor produksi lahan dan benih terhadap kinerja usahatani padi sawah di Kabupaten Kerinci. JALOW: Journal of Agribusiness and Local Wisdom, 5(1), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.22437/jalow.v5i1.19744

Aryawiguna, M. I., Saade, A., & Beddu, H. (2024). The role of Agriculture in the development of livestock farming groups: descriptive quantitative research. JPPI (Indonesian Journal of Educational Research), 10(3), 851-858. https://doi.org/10.29210/020244452

Bahasoan, H., & Buamona, S. (2023). Integration of rice crops and cattle in the village Savana Jaya, Waeapo District, Buru Regency. PARTA: Journal of Community Service, 4(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.38043/parta.v4i1.4237

David, F. R., & David, F. R. (2017). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases: A Competitive Advantage Approach (Vol. 127). Pearson.

Delandmeter, M., de Faccio Carvalho, P. C., Bremm, C., dos Santos Cargnelutti, C., Bindelle, J., & Dumont, B. (2024). Integrated crop and livestock systems increase both climate change adaptation and mitigation capacities. Science of the Total Environment, 912, 169061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169061

Elly, F. H., Lomboan, A., Kaunang, C. L., Rundengan, M., Poli, Z., & Syarifuddin, S. (2020). Development potential of integrated farming system (local cattle-food crops). Animal Production, 21(3), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2019.21.3.739

Firman, A., Herlina, L., & Yulianto, S. (2019). Analisis low external input sustainable agriculture (leisa) pada ternak domba di kawasan agribisnis desa ternak, Desa Cintalaksana Kecamatan Tegalwaru, Kabupaten Karawang. Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 5(1), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v5i1.1725

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2023). Circular Bioeconomy: Pathways to Sustainable Food Systems. FAO. https://www.fao.org/publications

Garrett, R. D., Niles, M., Gil, J., Dy, P., Reis, J., & Valentim, J. (2017). Policies for reintegrating crop and livestock systems: A comparative analysis. Sustainability, 9, 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030473

Harahap, K. Z., Iskandarini, & Lubis, S. N. (2019). System program Impact Analysis integration of rice and livestock (SIPT). Journal of Socioeconomic Agriculture Agribusiness, 10, 41-55.

Harly, R., & Mulyani, S. (2024). Utilization of agricultural waste (rice and corn) as cattle feed in the District of Harau fifty cities: utilization of agricultural waste (rice and corn) as animal feed in Harau, fifty cities. Journal of Livestock and Animal Health, 7(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.32530/jlah.v7i1.43

Haryanta, D., Thohiron, M., & Gunawan, B. (2018). Sistem Pertanian Terpadu. UWKS Press.

Hetharia, C., Wattimena, L., Loppies, Y., & Ferdinandus, W. (2021). Utilization corn plant waste as animal feed in livestock farmer Group (Summit) Abhimanyu 1 Klamalu Village Mariat District Sorong Regency. J-DEPACE: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.34124/jpkm.v4i1.87

Kalangi, J. K., Lainawa, J., & Rintjap, A. K. (2022). Analysis of strategy for local beef cattle competitiveness development in North Sulawesi. International Journal of Applied Business and International Management, 7(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v7i1.1440

Lainawa, J., Endoh, E. K. M., & Oroh, F. N. S. (2024). Beef cattle development with integrated farming system model based on land area in Minahasa District. Journal of the Community Development in Asia, 7(3), 333–354. https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v7i3.3510

Lainawa, J., Kindangen, P., Rotinsulu, T. O., & Tumbuan, J. F. A. (2019). Strategy for beef cattle agribusiness development in North Sulawesi. International Journal of Applied Business & International Management, 4(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v4i1.377

Lainawa, J., Lumy, T. F., & Endoh, E. K. (2024). Design integrated crop-livestock and fish farming model with LEISA system in North Minahasa Regency. International Journal of Applied Business and International Management, 9(1), 46-61. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v9i1.2942

Lenzun, G. D., Lainawa, J., & Tumewu, J. M. (2023). Farmer empowerment in improving beef cattle farming business in Tonsewer Village, Regency Minahasa. Journal of the Community Development in Asia, 6(2), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v6i2.2299

Marlina, E. T., Badruzzaman, D. Z., & Setiyatwan, H. (2019). Aplikasi limbah ternak sebagai sumber mikroba untuk fermentasi silase di Kelompok Tani Rancamulya Sumedang. Dharmakarya: Jurnal Aplikasi Ipteks untuk Masyarakat, 8(2), 119–123. https://doi.org/10.24198/dharmakarya.v8i2.20552

Moeis, F. R., Dartanto, T., Moeis, J. P., & Ikhsan, M. (2020). A longitudinal study of agriculture households in Indonesia: The effect of land and labor mobility on welfare and poverty dynamics. World Development Perspectives, 20, 100261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100261

Moojen, F. G., Ryschawy, J., Wulfhorst, J. D., Archer, D. W., de Faccio Carvalho, P. C., & Hendrickson, J. R. (2024). Case study analysis of innovative producers toward sustainable integrated crop-livestock systems: Trajectory, achievements, and thought process. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 44(3), 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-024-00953-9

Muhakka, E. S., Cahyono, Z. R., Samjaya, E., & Nofyan & Budiarto, G. (2017). Manajemen pengelolaan pakan ternak ruminansia (sapi, kerbau, kambing dan domba). Jurnal Pengabdian Sriwijaya, 5(2), 389-396.

Mukhlis, M., Noer, M., Nofialdi, N., & Mahdi, M. (2016). Sistem pertanian terpadu padi dan sapi. In Seminar Nasional Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Biodiversitas Pertanian Indonesia (Payakumbuh, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia, 21 September 2016). Repository Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh. http://repository.ppnp.ac.id/563/

Peterson, C. A., Deiss, L., & Gaudin, A. C. (2020). Commercial integrated crop-livestock systems achieve comparable crop yields to specialized production systems: A meta-analysis. PLoS One, 15(5), e0231840. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231840

Rahmasary, A. N., Fawzi, N. I., & Qurani, I. Z. (2020). Suboptimal land series-Part 1: Introduction to sustainable farming practices on suboptimal land. Tay Juhana Foundation Brief. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13364690

Rao, J. (2018). Fundamental Functionings of Landowners: Understanding the relationship between land ownership and wellbeing through the lens of ‘capability’. Land Use Policy, 72, 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.033

Reddy, P. P. (2016). Integrated crop–livestock farming systems. In Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production (pp. 357-370). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2702-4_23

Ruhiyat, R., Indrawati, D., Indrawati, E., & Siami, L. (2020). Empowerment community in the implementation of integrated agriculture system in Injeman Village, Cibodas Village, Pasirjambu District, Bandung Regency. The Agrocreative Journal, 6(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.6.2.97-105

Sari, I. A., & Emawati, S. (2020). Efforts to increase beef cattle without waste in the village Stretch of Klaten Regency. AgriHealth: Journal of Agri-food, Nutrition and Public Health, 1(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.20961/agrihealth.v1i1.41103

Setiawan, A. C., Mursinto, D., Haryanto, T., & Timur, J. (2021). Direct fertilizer subsidies on production and household income in Indonesia. Trikonomika, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23969/trikonomika.v20i1.3896

Shanmugam, P. M., Sangeetha, S. P., Prabu, P. C., Varshini, S. V., Renukadevi, A., Ravisankar, N., Parasuraman, P., Parthipan, T., Satheeshkumar, N., Natarajan, S. K., & Gopi, M. (2024). Crop–livestock-integrated farming system: A strategy to achieve synergy between agricultural production, nutritional security, and environmental sustainability. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1338299. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1338299

Soares, D. D. A., Lupatini, G. C., Sekiya, B. M. S., Mateus, G. P., Andrighetto, C., Modesto, V. C., ... & Andreotti, M. (2024). Integrated crop–livestock systems as a strategy for the sustainable production of corn and soybean grain in tropical sandy soils. Agronomy, 14(9), 2071. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092071

Tavares, D. S., de Jesus Franco, A., da Silva, J. A. G. F., dos Reis, T. R., Soares, M. C., dos Santos, L. A. M., ... & Carneiro, M. A. C. (2024). System fertilization in integrated crop-livestock management favors microbial processes, soil quality and production profitability. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 375, 109170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109170

Usni, M. (2025). Systematic literature review: Integrated farming system sebagai daya saing dan keberlanjutan pertanian di Indonesia. Fruitset Sains: Jurnal Pertanian Agroteknologi, 13(3), 237–248.

Wadi, A., Fajar, A., Akhsan, F., Mihrani, M., & Bando, N. (2021, December). Sistem Integrasi Tanaman Padi Dengan Ternak Sapi Bali. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan (Vol. 2, pp. 509-516).

Wahid, W., Tando, E., & Murni, W. S. (2020, December). Optimalisasi pengelolaan lahan suboptimal melalui aplikasi teknologi pertanian dalam mendukung ketersediaan dan ketahanan pangan. In Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal (No. 1, pp. 1014-1021).

Whittington, R., Johnson, G., Scholes, K., Angwin, D., & Regnér, P. (2023). Exploring Strategy (13th ed.). Pearson.

Wiesner, S., Duff, A. J., Desai, A. R., & Panke-Buisse, K. (2020). Increasing dairy sustainability with integrated crop–livestock farming. Sustainability, 12(3), 765. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030765

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v10i3.4241